Table of contents

• Topic: Medical Fundamentals
• Level: Body
• Hygiene
• Hand Washing
Social hand wash
Antiseptic soaps and detergents
Using alcohol hand-rub
Surgical scrub
Resident normal skin flora
• Universal Precautions
Overview
Gloves
Eye protection
Masks
Aprons
Needlestick injury
• Waste Disposal
Sharps
Clinical waste
Domestic waste
Glass vials
Linen
• Taking a History
• Recording the history
Presenting complaint
Past medical/surgical history
Medication history – current and past
Allergies & sensitivities
Social history
Family history
Review of systems
• Basic Skills
• Intravenous Cannulation
Indications
Equipment required
Raising and locating a vein
Cannulation technique
Cannula care
• Venepuncture
An overview
Tourniquet
Choice of vein
• Critical Trauma Patients
• THE PRIMARY SURVEY AND RESUSCITATION
Primary survey and resuscitation
Airway Management withCervical Spine Control
Breathing and ventilation
Circulation with haemorrhage control
Exposure and monitor
• THE SECONDARY SURVEY. -PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Neurologic examination
Head and neck
Uretral and nasogastric catheterization
Other considerations
• AIRWAY AND VENTILATORY SUPPORT
Introduction
Airway assessment
Airway management
Ventilation assessment
Ventilation management
Airway-ventilation advanced managment
Orotracheal intubation
Equipment for intubation
Infant or small child. orotracheal intubation
Adult and older child. orotracheal intubation
Complications of endotracheal intubation
Alternative techniques of endotracheal intubation
Rapid sequence induction (RSI)
Alternative techniques to endotracheal intubation
Surgical airway
Mechanical ventilation
• HYPOVOLAEMIC SHOCK
Definition
Causes of hypovolaemic shock from trauma
Pathophysiology of hypovolaemic shock
Hypovolaemic shock. clinical evaluation
Monitoring
Shock special considerations
Shock ancillary studies
Haemorragic shock. differential diagnosis
Initial treatment of hypovolemic shock
• HEAD TRAUMA
Primary and secondary intracraneal injury
Mechanisms and causes of head injury
Pathophysiology
Specific types of head injury
Head trauma primary survey
Head trauma secondary survey
Head trauma initial management
Mild Head Injury initial managment
Moderate Head Injury initial management
Severe Head Injury initial managment
Head trauma further management
• VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND SPINAL CORD TRAUMA
Causes
Primary survey and management
Secondary survey
Spinal cord syndromes
• NEUROGENIC SHOCK
Causes
Pathophisiology
Primary survey
Secondary survey
• THORACIC TRAUMA
Major thoracic trauma and anatomy
Primary Survey and Managment
Secondary survey
• ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
Anatomy and major abdominal trauma
Types of abdominal trauma
Primary survey and Managment
Secondary survey
• EXTREMITY TRAUMA
Principles of bone healing
Common fracture patterns depending on the mechanism of trauma
Primary Survey and Immediate Care
Secondary Survey
• TRAUMA IN THE ELDERLY
Anatomic and physiologic changes in the elderly
Primary survey
SecondarySurvey
• PEDIATRIC TRAUMA
Anatomic and physiologic considerations
Cardiovascular
Vital signs in pediatrics
Pediatric trauma primary survey
Pediatric trauma second survey
• TRAUMA IN PREGNANCY
Primary survey. Maternal anatomic and physiologic changes in pregnancy.
Secondary Survey. Maternal anatomic and physiologic changes in pregnancy
Assessment of the fetus
• MECHANIMS OF INJURY
Mechanisms of trauma
Situations associated with life-threatening injuries
Energy laws
Classification of trauma mechanisms
Types of injuriesrelated with blunt trauma in motor vehicle accidents
• DRUGS IN EMERGENCIES
Atropine
Dopamine
Etomidate
Fentanyl
Flumazenil
Ketamine
Mannitol
Meperidine
Methylprednisolone
Midazolan
Morphine
Naloxone
Promethazine
Ranitidine
Succinylcholine
Vecuronium